![]() ![]() ![]() According to Searle, though it might look to an unsuspecting observer as though a meaningful conversation were taking place in Chinese, this is an illusion because he is “manipulating uninterpreted formal signs.” His understanding of Chinese is, in other words, akin to a computer program. Using the reference materials, he, who knows no Chinese, is able to copy out appropriate responses to the messages he has been given and slip them back outside. As an example, he imagined himself in a closed room surrounded by reference materials where he receives batches of paper written in Chinese. Each month four games are discounted across Xbox One and Xbox 360 and the middle of this month brings some decent games. ![]() In his paper, “Minds, Brains, and Programs,” Searle argued that just because a machine could be programmed to fool one into thinking that one was conversing with a human, it would be wrong to say that this constituted a display of genuine thought. Xbox Live Gold members can now download The Turing Test and Medal of Honor: Airborne for free through the Games with Gold program. In the years since Turing proposed his criteria to demonstrate machine “thinking,” his arguments have inspired several critiques, perhaps none more famous than John Searle’s Chinese Room thought experiment, which is materially rendered in the game. Turing hypothesized that it should be possible “in about fifty years” for a computer to “play the imitation game so well that an average interrogator will not have more than a 70 percent chance of making the right identification after five minutes of questioning.” The challenge for the guests is to identify which of the two people in the two closed rooms is a woman when all they have to go on are typewritten responses to their questions slipped under a door. As an example, he imagined a computer playing a version of the imitation game - a parlor game in which a man and a woman retreat into two separate rooms and the man is charged with impersonating the woman. In his article, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” published in the October 1950 issue of “Mind,” Turing suggested that it should be possible to one day program a computer to act in a way that was indistinguishable from an actual person. Turing Tests owe their real-world status to the ideas raised by Alan Turing, the famed twentieth-century mathematician who was a pioneer of computer science. ![]()
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